Mr. Bailey, a Republican, has been an active ally of Mr. Trump’s, and veterans of his office have taken significant roles in the administration, including D. John Sauer, who now serves as the solicitor general of the United States, overseeing the Trump administration’s arguments before the Supreme Court.

Three Republican-led states said Saturday that they were deploying hundreds of National Guard members to the nation’s capital to bolster the Trump administration’s effort to overhaul policing in Washington through a federal crackdown on crime and homelessness.