However, although platinum is an excellent catalyst for this reaction, it is expensive and rare, so minimising its use is important to reduce system cost and limit platinum extraction.

However, although platinum is an excellent catalyst for this reaction, it is expensive and rare, so minimising its use is important to reduce system cost and limit platinum extraction.

Ruthenium is a precious metal that is obtained in small quantities as a by-product of platinum extraction (30 tonnes per year, as compared to the annual production of 200 tonnes of platinum) but ...

Ruthenium is a precious metal that is obtained in small quantities as a by-product of platinum extraction (30 tonnes per year, as compared to the annual production of 200 tonnes of platinum) but ...

Ruthenium is a precious metal that is obtained in small quantities as a by-product of platinum extraction (30 tonnes per year, as compared to the annual production of 200 tonnes of platinum) but at a ...

Mining companies listed on the stock exchange that specialize in platinum extraction have been particularly sensitive to these variations. Giants such as Anglo American Platinum and Impala ...

Tariffs have more staying power than volatile price changes. There doesn’t seem to be a quick solution, however. [3] Platinum extraction also seems to be constrained. Figure 3.

African nations can leverage their critical mineral endowments to move beyond traditional extraction models and capture ...